What physiological process do ACE inhibitors primarily disrupt?

ACE inhibitors primarily disrupt the process of vasoconstriction. They inhibit the activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which is crucial in the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, meaning it narrows blood vessels and increases blood pressure. By blocking this conversion, ACE inhibitors lead to vasodilation, or the widening of blood vessels, which helps to lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart. This mechanism is particularly beneficial in treating conditions like hypertension and heart failure.

Understanding this physiological process is important for recognizing how ACE inhibitors function therapeutically. It highlights their role in managing cardiovascular health by preventing excessive vasoconstriction that can result from the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which is often overactive in various cardiovascular diseases.